INDIAN CONSTITUTION

• What is constitution ?
A constitution is defined as the set of written rules, that are accepted by all the people living together in a country. It determines the relationship between the people and the government.

🌹 ଭାରତୀୟ ସମ୍ବିଧାନର ୭୯ ଧାରା ଅନୁସାରେ କେନ୍ଦ୍ରରେ ଏକ ବିଧାନମଣ୍ଡଳ ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥା ଅଛି।ଏହି ବିଧାନମଣ୍ଡଳକୁ ସଂସଦ ବା ପାର୍ଲ୍ୟାମେଣ୍ଟ ବା Union Legislature କୁହାଯାଏ। ଭାରତର ସଂସଦ ଲୋକସଭା, ରାଜ୍ୟସଭା ଓ ରାଷ୍ଟ୍ରପତିଙ୍କୁ ନେଇ ଗଠିତ।
🌹 ସାର୍ବଜନୀନ ସାବାଳକ ଭୋଟ ପ୍ରଥା (ସମ୍ବିଧାନର ୩୨୬ ଧାରା)
🌹 ଆମ ସମ୍ବିଧାନର ଚିଠା ପ୍ରଣୟନ ସମିତିର ସଭାପତି ଡକ୍ଟର ଭୀମରାଓ ରାମଜୀ ଆମ୍ବେଦକରଙ୍କୁ ଭାରତ ସମ୍ବିଧାନର ପିତା ବା ଆଧୁନିକ ଭାରତର ମନୁ କୁହାଯାଏ।

•ଭାରତର ସଂସଦ ରାଜ୍ୟସଭା (ଦ୍ୱିତୀୟ ବା ଉଚ୍ଚ ସଦନ ଧାରା- ୮୦), ଲୋକସଭା (ପ୍ରଥମ ବା ନିମ୍ନ ସଦନ ଧାରା-୮୧) ଓ ରାଷ୍ଟ୍ରପତିଙ୍କୁ
(ଧାରା-୫୨) ନେଇ ଗଠିତ।

ସଂସଦ(ଧାରା ୭୯)

ଲୋକସଭା ରାଜ୍ୟସଭା
1. ଧାରା ୮୧ ଅନୁସାରେ ଲୋକସଭା ସଦସ୍ୟ ସଂଖ୍ୟା ସ୍ଥିର କରାଯାଏ। ଧାରା ୮୦ ଅନୁସାରେ ରାଜ୍ୟସଭା ସଦସ୍ୟ ସଂଖ୍ୟା ସ୍ଥିର କରାଯାଏ।
2.ସର୍ବଚ୍ଚ ସଭ୍ୟସଂଖ୍ୟ ୫୫୨(୫୩୦ ଜଣ ରାଜ୍ୟରୁ + ୨୦ ଜଣ କେନ୍ଦ୍ରଶାସିତ +୨ ଆଙ୍ଗ୍ଲଭାରତୀୟ ସଭ୍ୟ) ରୁ ଅଧିକ ହେବ ନାହିଁ। ସର୍ବଚ୍ଚ ସଭ୍ୟସଂଖ୍ୟ ୨୫୦ ରୁ ଅଧିକ ହେବ ନାହିଁ। ୨୩୮ ନିର୍ବାଚିତ ସଦସ୍ୟ + ୧୨ ଜଣ ରାଷ୍ଟ୍ରପତିଙ୍କ ଦ୍ୱାରା ମନୋନୀତ ସଦସ୍ୟ।
3. ଧାରା ୮୩ ଅନୁଯାୟୀ ଲୋକସଭା କାର୍ଯକାଳ ୫ ବର୍ଷ।
Article 84 of the constitution defines the qualifications to become a Member of the Lok Sabha.		 ରାଜ୍ୟସଭା ଏକ ସ୍ଥାୟୀ ସଭା।ଏହାର କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକାଳ ୬ ବର୍ଷ। ମାତ୍ର ପ୍ରତି ୨ ବର୍ଷ ଅନ୍ତରରେ ରାଜ୍ୟସଭାର ୧/୩ ଭାଗ ଅବସର ନିଅନ୍ତି।
4.ସଭ୍ୟ ହେବାପାଇଁ ୨୫ ବର୍ଷ। ସଭ୍ୟ ହେବାପାଇଁ ୩୦ ବର୍ଷ।
5.ଲୋକସଭାର ସଦସ୍ୟମାନେ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟକ୍ଷ ଭାବେ ନିର୍ବାଚିତ ହୁଅନ୍ତି। ରାଜ୍ୟସଭାର ସଦସ୍ୟମାନେ ପରୋକ୍ଷ ଭାବେ ନିର୍ବାଚିତ ହୁଅନ୍ତି।
6.ଲୋକସଭାର ଅଧକ୍ଷଙ୍କୁ ବାଚସ୍ପତି କୁହାଯାଏ। ଭାରତର ଉପରାଷ୍ଟ୍ରପତି ରାଜ୍ୟସଭାର ଅଧ୍ୟକ୍ଷ ଅଟନ୍ତି।

1. The original document of the Constitution of India was handwritten by _____.

  • A) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
  • B) Prem Behari Narain Raizada
  • C) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
  • D) Sarojini Naidu


B) Prem Behari Narain Raizada              

2. Which of the following constitutional provision was borrowed by Indian Constitution from British Constitution ?

  • A) Judicial Review
  • B) Procedure established by Law
  • C) Parliamentary Privileges
  • D) Suspension of Fundamental Rights during emergency


C) Parliamentary Privileges           Features borrowed from the British Constitution are :
⮕ Parliamentary government
⮕ Rule of Law
⮕ Legislative procedure
⮕ Single citizenship
⮕ Cabinet system
⮕ Prerogative writ
Parliamentary privileges and bicameralism.

3. Who among the following was the Chairman of the Constituent Assembly ?

  • A) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
  • B) Jawaharlal Nehru
  • C) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
  • D) Sardar Patel


C) Dr. Rajendra Prasad              
⮕ The constituent assembly was set up on 6th December 1946.
⮕ B. N Rao was the constitutional advisor of the constituent assembly.
⮕ Sardar Patel was the chairman of the committee on fundamental rights and minorities.

4. The concept of five year plans in the Constitution of India is borrowed from _______.

  • A) The United States
  • B) Russia
  • C) England
  • D) Germany


B) Russia              The important provisions borrowed from Russia are:
⮕ Five-year plan.
⮕ Fundamental duties.

5. The emergency provisions of the Indian Constitution were borrowed from

  • A) Constitution of U.S.A
  • B) Weimer Constitution of Germany
  • C) Government of India Act, 1935
  • D) Constitution of Soviet Union


C) Government of India Act, 1935
Here the question is asking about Emergency Provision borrowed from, so the correct answer will be GOI 1935.
 If question will ask about the suspension of Fundamental Right during Emergency then the correct answer will be Germany.

6. When did the Indian Constituent assembly adopt the constitution?

  • A) 26 November 1949
  • B) 26 January 1950
  • C) 26 November 1950
  • D) 26 January 1949


A) 26 November 1949
      
⮕ The constituent assembly adopted the national flag on 22ndJuly 1947.
⮕ The constituent assembly adopted the national anthem on 24th January 1950.
⮕ The constituent assembly adopted the national song on 24th January 1950.

7. How many language have been recognized by Indian Constitution ?

  • A) 24
  • B) 19
  • C) 22
  • D) 25


C) 22
      
⮕ The Eighth Schedule to the Constitution mentions 22 regional languages recognized by the Constitution.

⮕  Originally 14 languages ​​were ranked in this list but 8 other languages ​​were later added to this list.
⮕ In this list, the Sindhi language was added to the list by the 21st Amendment Act of the Constitution in the year 1967.

8. By vesting the residuary powers in the Union, the Indian Constitution has followed the:

  • A) French Constitution
  • B) The British System
  • C) The German System
  • D) The Canadian System


D) The Canadian System
      
⮕ “Ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity in the Preamble” is borrowed from : France
⮕ Concurrent list,
Joint-sitting of the two Houses of Parliament is borrowed from : Australia.
⮕ Directive Principles of State Policy borrowed from : Ireland

9. The Indian Constitution was prepared in how many days ?

  • A) 2 years 05 months 14 days
  • B) 2 years 10 months 15 days
  • C) 2 years 04 months 20 days
  • D) 2 years 11 months 18 days


D) 2 years 11 months 18 days
      
⮕ The ratio of the width of the flag to its length is 2:3.

10. Who described the preamble of Indian Constitution as the ‘Political horoscope of the Indian Constitution’ ?

  • A) Thakurdas Bhargav
  • B) NA Palkhiwala
  • C) Kanhaiyalal Maniklal Munshi
  • D) Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar


C) Kanhaiyalal Maniklal Munshi
      
⮕ The Preamble has been amended only once so far, in 1976 by the 42nd Constitutional amendment Act.
⮕ By the 42nd Constitutional amendment act 1976, three new words – Socialist, Secular and Integrity are added to the preamble.
⮕ ଭାରତୀୟ ସମ୍ବିଧାନର ରକ୍ଷାକର୍ତ୍ତା ହେଉଛି ସର୍ବୋଚ୍ଚ ନ୍ୟାୟାଳୟ।

11.How many subjects are present in the State List of the Indian Constitution?

  • (A) 51
  • (B) 48
  • (C) 61
  • (D) 60



Ans: (C) 61


12.Who elects the deputy speaker in the legislative assembly?

  • (A) Governor
  • (B) Chief Minister
  • (C) Assembly itself
  • (D) Speaker



Ans: (C) Assembly itself


13.By the constitution of which country are the emergency provisions of the Constitution of Indian influenced?

  • (A) German Weimar Republic 
  • (B) Switzerland
  • (C) Canada
  • (D) USA



Ans: (A) German Weimar Republic
Part XVIII of the Indian Constitution contains Articles on Emergency Provisions. The President of India has the right to impose these three types of emergency.
• The following are three emergencies under Articles 352-360:
1.General Emergency (National emergency)- (Article 352)
2.Break-down of constitutional machinery in the states (State emergency)- (Article 356)
3. Financial Emergency- (Article 360)


Article 246 deals with the 7th Schedule of the Indian Constitution that mentions three lists named as Union List, State List and Concurrent List which specify the divisions of power between Union and States.

14. A ‘Money Bill’ can be introduced in which House of Indian Parliament?

1. Lok Sabha

2. Rajya Sabha

  • A) Only 1
  • B) Only 2
  • C) Both 1 and 2
  • D) Neither 1 nor 2



Ans:A) Only 1
Money Bill- Article 110 of the Constitution deals with Money Bills.
It can be introduced only in Lok
Sabha with prior approval from the president.

15. ସ୍ବାଧୀନତା ପରେ ଓଡିଶାରେ ପ୍ରଥମ ବିଧାନସଭା ନିର୍ବାଚନ କେବେ ହୋଇଥିଲା ?

  • (A) 7 March 1952
  • (B) 20 february 1952
  • (C) 27 March 1952
  • (D) 27 march 1951



Ans: (C) 27 March 1952



16. The first Session of the First Lok Sabha commenced in_____

  • (A) 1951
  • (B) 1950
  • (C) 1947
  • (D) 1952



Ans: (D) 1952
• The first session of the first Lok Sabha commenced on 13th May 1952. The maximum strength of Lok Sabha is 552 and that of Rajya Sabha is 250. Lok Sabha dissolved after every five years but Rajya Sabha is the permanent house of and one-third of its members retire after every two years.


17. Provisions for SC and ST in every panchayat are made under which Article of the Constitution?

  • (A) Article 243(D) of the Constitution of India
  • (B) Article 243 (F) of the Constitution of India
  • (C) Article 243(A) of the Constitution of India
  • (D) Article 243(S) of the Constitution of India



Ans: (A) Article 243(D) of the Constitution of India



18. In which of the following articles the emoluments and allowances of the President has mentioned?

  • (A) Article 59(1)
  • (B) Article 56
  • (C) Article 59(3)
  • (D) Article 65



Ans: (C) Article 59(3)


19. Under which Constitutional Amendment the voting age was further reduced from 21 to 18 years?

  • (A) 42nd Amendment
  • (B) 44th Amendment
  • (C) 58th Amendment
  • (D) 61st Amendment



Ans: (D) 61st Amendment

61st Amendment act 1988


20. Under which Articles the President has power to grant pardon?

  • (A) Article 58
  • (B) Article 63
  • (C) Article 56
  • (D) Article 72



Ans: (D) Article 72

President has 5 pardoning poweers.


21. Under which one of the following Articles of the Constitution the Parliament can change the name, boundaries of state or particular region?

  • (A) Article 5
  • (B) Article 3
  • (C) Article 8
  • (D) Article 10



Ans: (B) Article 3



22. Who described the Directive Principles and the Fundamental Rights as the ‘Conscience of the Constitution’?

  • (A) Granville Austin
  • (B) B.R. Ambedkar
  • (C) Jawaharlal Nehru
  • (D) K.M. Munshi



Ans: (A) Granville Austin



23. Part XX of Indian constitution is related with_______

  • (A) Amendment of the constitution
  • (B) Emergency provisions
  • (C) Miscellaneous
  • (D) Official language



Ans: (A) Amendment of the constitution



24. Who proposed the Preamble before the Drafting Committee of the Constitution?

  • (A) Mahatma Gandhi
  • (B) B.R. Ambedkar
  • (C) Jawaharlal Nehru
  • (D) B.N. Rao



Ans: (C) Jawaharlal Nehru



25. The “Speaker’s Vote” in the Lok Sabha is called

  • A) Casting Vote
  • B) Sound Vote
  • C) Direct Vote
  • D) Indirect Vote



Ans:A) Casting Vote



📌 Parts in Indian Constitution

Part I The Union and its Territories (Article 1-4)

Part II Citizenship (Article 5-11)

Part III Fundamental Rights (Article 12-35)

Part IV DPSP (Article 36-51)

Part V The Union (Article 52-151)

Part VI The States (Article 152-237)

Part VII Repealed

Part VIII The Union Territories(Article 239-242)

Part IX The Panchayats(Article 243-2430)

Part X The Scheduled & Tribal Areas(Article 244-244A)

Total Parts in Indian Constitution – 25 Parts

👉 Fundamental Right

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